Cataract surgery is a common surgical procedure designed to remove a cataract, which is a clouding of the lens of the eye that leads to decreased vision. The surgery involves making a small incision in the eye to remove the opaque lens and replace it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia, and it aims to restore clear vision by replacing the cloudy lens with a clear, synthetic one. Cataracts generally develop as part of the aging process, though they can also result from trauma, certain medications, or other eye conditions. The buildup of proteins in the lens causes it to become opaque, leading to symptoms such as blurred vision, glare, and difficulty seeing at night. While cataract surgery is highly effective and has a high success rate, it is not without potential complications. Common risks include infection, bleeding, and inflammation, which can affect the recovery process. Some patients may experience postoperative issues such as dry eyes, glare, or halos around lights. Rare but serious complications include retinal detachment, vision loss, or increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to glaucoma. Additionally, some patients may develop a secondary cataract, known as posterior capsule opacification, which can cause blurred vision and may require a follow-up procedure called YAG laser capsulotomy. Despite these potential risks, cataract surgery is generally considered safe and is a highly effective way to improve vision and quality of life for individuals with cataracts.
